What are ICF/IID facilities?

Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ICF/IID) are residential facilities that provide health and rehabilitative services to people with intellectual or developmental disabilities. These facilities offer active treatment programs designed to help residents achieve their maximum functional level in a home-like environment.

What services do ICF/IID facilities provide?

ICF/IID facilities provide 24-hour supervision and support, health and nursing services, active treatment programs (physical therapy, speech therapy, behavioral support), daily living skills training, social and recreational activities, and nutritional services. The goal is to help individuals develop skills and achieve greater independence.

How is ICF/IID care funded?

ICF/IID care is primarily funded through Medicaid as a mandatory benefit. Eligibility is based on meeting Medicaid income/asset requirements and having an intellectual or developmental disability that requires the level of care provided. Some states also offer Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) waivers as alternatives to institutional care.

Find Intellectual Disability Care Near You

Search 6,040 Intellectual Disability Care across the United States

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The National Landscape

Understanding Intellectual Disability Care across the United States

6,040

Intellectual Disability Care Facilitys Nationwide

Data from CMS Provider of Services (POS) files and state licensing databases.

Understanding Intellectual Disability Care

What ICF/IID Provides

24-hour supervision: Continuous care and support in a residential setting
Active treatment: Individualized habilitation programs to develop skills
Health services: Nursing, physician oversight, therapy services
Daily living support: Help with bathing, dressing, meals, mobility
Community integration: Activities, outings, social opportunities

ICF vs. HCBS Waivers

ICF/IID: Institutional setting, 24-hour care, typically for those with significant support needs
HCBS Waivers: Community-based services—group homes, supported living, day programs
Trend: States increasingly emphasize community-based options over institutional care
Choice: Individuals and families should understand all options available

What to Look For

Person-centered planning: Does the facility create individualized plans based on goals and preferences?
Staff training: Are staff trained in positive behavior support and person-centered approaches?
Community access: How often do residents participate in community activities?
Survey results: Review state survey reports for any deficiencies or concerns

Evaluating an ICF/IID

Visit multiple times: Drop by unannounced at different times of day. Observe interactions between staff and residents.

Talk to families: Ask the facility to connect you with families of current residents. Get their perspective.

Review the ISP process: How are Individual Service Plans developed? How often are they reviewed? How is family input incorporated?

Staff stability: High turnover disrupts care. Ask about average staff tenure and what they do to retain good staff.

How ICF/IID Is Funded

Medicaid

Primary funding source for ICF/IID. It's a mandatory Medicaid benefit—states must provide it. Covers room, board, and active treatment.

SSI/SSDI

Many residents receive Social Security benefits. A portion goes toward room and board, with the rest for personal needs.

State Programs

Contact your state's developmental disabilities agency. They can explain eligibility, waitlists, and available options.

Private Pay

Some families pay privately, often while waiting for Medicaid eligibility. Special needs trusts can help preserve benefits.

Browse Intellectual Disability Care by State

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Alabama 2 Arkansas 41 Arizona 12 California 1125 Colorado 21 Connecticut 89 District of Columbia 67 Delaware 2 Florida 100 Georgia 2 Hawaii 17 Iowa 139 Idaho 64 Illinois 233 Indiana 474 Kansas 25 Kentucky 16 Louisiana 538 Massachusetts 2 Maryland 2 Maine 16 Minnesota 175 Missouri 13 Mississippi 15 North Carolina 338 North Dakota 73 Nebraska 14 New Hampshire 1 New Jersey 6 New Mexico 44 Nevada 7 New York 424 Ohio 452 Oklahoma 86 Pennsylvania 180 Rhode Island 3 South Carolina 71 South Dakota 2 Tennessee 170 Texas 810 Utah 18 Virginia 62 Vermont 1 Washington 12 Wisconsin 7 West Virginia 68 Wyoming 1

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Official Data

Our data comes from CMS and state licensing databases. The same sources hospitals and discharge planners use.

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